Sheng James J. Modern Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery: Theory and Practice

Gulf Professional Publishing, Elsevier, 2011. 632 p. ISBN: 1856177459, 9781856177450This book brings the most recent developments in the field to the reader an melds this with the past history and academic research in the field. It contains an extremely large amount of useful and practical information, presented in an easy to read and understand format. The book covers all aspects of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and contains a wealth of tables, charts and actual field experience. The author's insight into many controversial issues such as scaling and adsorption and Alkaline Surfactant Polymer Flooding versus Surfactant Polymer Flooding are refreshing and sharp. This book is for anyone involved in EOR from the student level to the seasoned veteran.The book provides important case studies related to over one hundred EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. These case studies focus on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modelling methods, operational parameters (e.g., injected chemical concentration, slug sizes, flooding schemes and well spacing), solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies. The book strikes an ideal balance between theory and practice, and would be invaluable to academicians and oil company practitioners alike.NomenclatureEnhanced Oil Recovery's Potential
Definitions of EOR and IOR
General Description of Chemical EOR Processes
Performance Evaluation of EOR Processes
Screening Criteria for Chemical EOR Processes
Naming Conventions and Units
Organization of This Book
Transport of Chemicals and Fractional Flow Curve AnalysisDiffusion
Dispersion
Retardation of Chemicals in Single-Phase Flow
Types of Fronts
Fractional Flow Curve Analysis of Two-Phase Flow
Salinity Effect and Ion ExchangeSalinity
Ion Exchange
Low-Salinity Waterflooding in Sandstone Reservoirs
Salinity Effect on Waterflooding in Carbonate Reservoirs
Mobility Control Requirement in EOR ProcessesBackground
Setup of Simulation Model
Discussion of the CONCEPT OF THE Mobility Control Requirement
Theoretical Investigation
Numerical Investigation
Experimental Justification
Further Discussion
Polymer FloodingTypes of Polymers and Polymer-Related Systems
Properties of Polymer Solutions
Polymer Flow Behavior in Porous Media
Displacement Mechanisms in Polymer Flooding
Amount of Polymer Injected
Performance Analysis by Hall Plot
Polymer Mixing and Well Operations Related to Polymer Injection
Special Cases, Pilot Tests, and Field Applications of Polymer Flooding
Polymer Flooding Experience and Learning in China
Polymer Viscoelastic Behavior and Its Effect on Field Facilities and OperationsViscoelasticity
Polymer Viscoelastic Behavior
Observations of Viscoelastic Effect
Displacement Mechanisms of Viscoelastic Polymers
Effect of Polymer Solution Viscoelasticity on Injection and Production Facilities
Surfactant FloodingSurfactants
Types of Microemulsions
Phase Behavior Tests
Surfactant Phase Behavior of Microemulsions and I FT
Viscosity of Microemulsion
Capillary Number
Trapping Number
Capillary Desaturation Curve
Relative Permeabilities in Surfactant Flooding
Surfactant Retention
Displacement Mechanisms
Amount of Surfactant Needed and Process Optimization
An Experimental Study of Surfactant Flooding
Optimum Phase Type and Optimum Salinity Profile in Surfactant FloodingLiterature Review
Sensitivity Study
Further Discussion
Optimum Phase Type and Optimum Salinity Profile ConceptsSurfactant-Polymer FloodingSurfactant-Polymer Competitive Adsorption
Surfactant-Polymer Interaction and Compatibility
Optimization of Surfactant-Polymer Injection Schemes
A Field Case of SP Flooding
Alkaline FloodingComparison of Alkalis Used in Alkaline Flooding
Alkaline Reaction with Crude Oil
Measurement of Acid Number
Alkali Interactions with Rock
Recovery Mechanisms
Simulation of Alkaline Flooding
Alkaline Concentration and Slug Size in Field Projects
Surveillance and Monitoring in Pilot Testing
Application Conditions of Alkaline Flooding
Alkaline-Polymer FloodingInteraction between Alkali and Polymer
Synergy between Alkali and Polymer
Field AP Application Example: Liaohe Field
Alkaline-Surfactant FloodingPhase Behavior Tests for the Alkaline-Surfactant Process
Quantitative Representation of Phase Behavior of an Alkaline-Surfactant System
Activity Maps
Synergy between Alkali and Surfactant
Synergy between Alkali and Surfactant in Heavy Oil Recovery
p Effect on Surfactant Adsorption
Recovery Mechanisms
Simulation of Phase Behavior of the Alkaline-Surfactant System
Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer FloodingSynergy of Alkali, Surfactant, and Polymer
Interactions of ASP Fluids and Their Compatibility
Relative Permeabilities in ASP
Emulsions in ASP Flooding
Displacement Mechanisms
Design Optimization of ASP Injection Schemes
Amounts of Chemicals Injected in Field ASP Projects
Vertical Lift Methods in ASP Flooding
Problems Associated with ASP
ASP Examples of Field Pilots and Applications