Belytschko Т. Finite Elements for Nonlinear Continua & Structures

Northwestern University, 1998. 662 p.
Nonlinear finite element analysis is an essential component of computer-aided design. Testing of prototypes is increasingly being replaced by simulation with nonlinear finite element methods because this provides a more rapid and less expensive way to evaluate design concepts and design details. For example, in the field of automotive design, simulation of crashes is replacing full scale tests, both for the evaluation of early design concepts and details of the final design, such as accelerometer placement for airbag deployment, padding of the interior, and selection of materials and component cross-sections for meeting crashworthiness criteria. In many fields of manufacturing, simulation is speeding the design process by allowing simulation of processes such as sheet-metal forming, extrusion of parts, and casting. In the electronics industries, simulation is replacing drop-tests for the evaluation of product durability.