Stewart M., Arnold K. Emulsions and Oil Treating Equipment

Elsevier, 2009. - 301 p.
The problem of removing water which is emulsified with produced oil has grown more widespread and often times more difficult as producers attempt to access more difficult reserves. This practical guide is designed to help engineers and operators develop a "feel" for selection, sizing, and troubleshooting emulsion equipment. These skills are of vital importance to ensure low operating costs and to meet crude export quality specifications. The book is written for engineers and operators, who need advanced knowledge of the numerous techniques and the equipment used to destabilize and resolve petroleum emulsions problems. In Emulsions and Oil Treating Equipment: Selection, Sizing and Troubleshooting the author provides engineers and operators with a guide to understanding emulsion theory, methods and equipment, and practical design of a treating system. Comprehensive in its scope, the author explains methods such as: demulsifiers, temperature, electrostatics and non-traditional methods of modulated or pulsed voltage control, as well as equipment such as: electrostatic treater (dehydrator), separator, gunbarr heater-treater and free water knockout. Written in a "how to" format, it brings together hundreds of methods, handy formulas, diagrams and tables in one convenient book.A Note from the AuthorsAbout the BookCrude Oil Treating SystemsEquipment Description
Emulsion Treating Theory
Emulsion Treating Methods
Treater Equipment Sizing
Design Procedure
Practical Considerations
Oil Desalting Systems
Crude StabilizationTheory of Crude Stabilization
Equipment Description
Design Procedure
Produced Water Treating SystemsDisposal Standards
Characteristics of Produced Water
System Description
Theory
Equipment Description and Sizing
Information Required for Design
Equipment Selection Procedure
Equipment Specification
Water Injection SystemsSolids Removal Theory
Filter Types
Removal Ratings
Choosing the Proper Filter
Measuring Water Compatibility
Solids Removal Equipment Description
Appendix A: Definition of Key Water Treating TermsProduced Water
Regulatory Definitions
Oil Removal Efficiency
Total Oil and Grease
Dispersed Oil
Dissolved Oil
Dissolved Solids
Suspended Solids
Scale
Emulsion
Appendix B: Water Sampling Techniques
Sampling Considerations
Sample Gathering for Oil Concentration Measurement
Sample Storage for Oil Concentration Measurement
Sample Gathering for Particle Size Analysis
Appendix C: Oil Concentration Analysis TechniquesDetermination of Dissolved Oil and Grease
Gravimetric Method
Infrared (IR) Absorbance Method
Analysis of Variance of Analytical Results
Particle Size Analysis
Droplet Size Measurement Equipment