Economides Michael, Oligney Ronald, Valkу Peter. Unified fracture design: bridging the gap between theory and practice

Alvin, Texas: Orsa Press, 2002. — 259 p. — ISBN 0-9710427-0-5.The sample chapters (1-7) are made available to show you how the book looks in a PDF format. The complete work is available for sale in this format with a searchable index.
The software is also available for installation on company intranets, and we are investigating technology to make all or part of the book available on various PDA platforms.The purpose of writing this book is to establish a unified design methodology for hydraulic fracture treatments, a long established well
stimulation activity in the petroleum and related industries. Few activities in the industry hold such potential to improve well performance
both profitably and reliably.
The word “unified” has been selected deliberately to denote both the integration of all the highly diverse technological aspects of the process,
but also to dispel the popular notion that there is one type of treatment that applies to low-permeability and another to high-permeability reservoirs. It is natural, even for experienced practitioners to think so because traditional targets have been low-permeability reservoirs while
the fracturing of high-permeability formations has sprung from the gravel pack, sand control practice.Hydraulic Fracturing for Production or Injection Enhancement
Fracturing as completion of choice
Basic principles of unified fracture design
Fractured Well Performance
Sizing and Optimization
Fracture-to-Well Connectivity
The tip screenout concept and other issues in high permeability fracturing
Tip Screenout Design
Net Pressure and Leakoff in the High Permeability Environment
Candidate Selection
“Back of the envelope” fracture design
Design Logic
Fracture Design SpreadsheetHow To Use This Book
Structure of the book
Which sections are for you
Fracturing CrewWell Stimulation as a Means to Increase the Productivity Index
Productivity index
The well-fracture-reservoir system
Proppant number
Well Performance for Low and Moderate Proppant Numbers
Optimum fracture conductivity
Design logicFracturing Theory
Linear elasticity and fracture mechanics
Fracturing fluid mechanics
Leakoff and volume balance in the fracture
Formal Material Balance: The Opening-Time Distribution Factor
Constant Width Approximation (Carter Equation II)
Power Law Approximation to Surface Growth
Detailed Leakoff Models
Basic fracture geometries
Perkins-Kern Width Equation
Khristianovich-Zheltov-Geertsma-deKlerk Width Equation
Radial (Penny-shaped) Width EquationFracturing of High Permeability Formations
The evolution of the technique
Hpf in view of competing technologies
Gravel Pack
High-Rate Water Packs
Performance of fractured horizontal wells in high permeability formations
Distinguishing features of hpf
The Tip Screenout Concept
Net Pressure and Fluid Leakoff
Net Pressure, Closure Pressure, and Width in Soft Formations
Fracture Propagation
Leakoff models for hpf
Fluid Leakoff and Spurt Loss as Material Properties: The Carter Leakoff
Model with Nolte’s Power Law Assumption
Filter Cake Leakoff Model According to Mayerhofer, et al.
Polymer-Invaded Zone Leakoff Model of Fan and Economides
Fracturing high permeability gas condensate reservoirs
Optimizing Fracture Geometry in Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Effect of non-darcy flow in the fracture
Definitions and Assumptions
Case Study for the Effect of Non-Darcy FlowFracturing Materials
Fracturing fluids
Fluid additives
Proppants
Calculating Effective Closure Stress
Fracture conductivity and materials selection in hpf
Fracture Width as a Design Variable
Proppant Selection
Fluid SelectionFracture Treatment Design
Microfracture tests
Minifracs
Treatment design based on the unified approach
Pump Time
Proppant Schedule
Departure from the Theoretical Optimum
TSO Design
Pumping a tso treatment
Swab Effect Example
Perforations for HPF
Pre-treatment diagnostic tests for hpf
Step-Rate Tests
Minifracs
Pressure Falloff Tests
Bottomhole Pressure MeasurementsThis CD contains three files:

Sample chapters.pdf
HF2D.xls
MF.xls