Agursky Mikhail. The Third Rome: National Bolshevism in The USSR

Boulder; London: Westview Press, 1987. — 426 p. — ISBN-10 0813301394; ISBN-13 978-0813301396.Soviet Russia manifested a fervent revolutionary nationalism, even messianism, immediately after the October revolution in 1917. The old concept of Russia as the Third Rome now acquired a new ideological dimension: that world revolution would emanate only from Russia and only as Russia dictated. At the same time, leaders of the European revolutionary movement, led originally by Marx and Engels in the mid-1800s, feared that a Russian revolution would bring Russian influence into the heart of Europe. The social revolution, both in Europe and in Russia, therefore acquired a nationalist context: To whom does the leading role belong?This book presents an entirely new interpretation of the Bolshevik revolution by examining its geopolitical context in addition to its domestic aspect Dr. Agursky argues that in the early 1900s Lenin’s revolutionary strategy was to outpace the “competitive” German revolution; German social democracy had its own formula to bring social revolution to Russia, and Lenin wanted to consolidate Bolshevik power in order to bring "his” revolution to Germany. The author concludes that by 1917 Russian intellectuals well understood the deep-rootedness of Bolshevik nationalism, and, although Bolshevism had ostensibly been loyal to Marxism, on a political level it was now in fact a rebellion against it.Foreword to the First Russian Edition, Leonard SchapiroThe Russian-European Revolutionary Contest Before 1871Russian Geopolitics
Russian Nationalism
Slavophilism and Pan-Slavism
Westernism and Pan-Slavism
Marxism as German Revolutionary Nationalism
Russian Revolutionary Nationalism Versus German Revolutionary Nationalism
Pan-Slavism Receives Official Support in Russia
Russian Populism: The Worship of the Russian People
Ferdinand Lassalle and His Etatist-Nationalist Influence on Russia
Petr Tkatchev: The Revolutionary Reeducation of a Degraded People
The Russian Machiavellian: Sergei NetchaevThe Russian-European Revolutionary Contest, 1871-1914Russia and Germany After 1871
Fedor Dostoevsky: His Quest for Russian World Domination
The Jewish Pteril
Russian Gnosticism
German Social Democracy and Russia
Lenin
Bolshevism as a Political Movement
Maxim Gorky
“Forward”—Left-Wing Bolshevism
The Jews and Bolshevism
The Russian Authorities Venus Bolshevism
Stalin
Russian Radical Right Venus Bolshevism
Foreign Capital
The 1905 Revolution and Its International Implications
Debates on National Self-DeterminationThe Bolshevik Revolution as a Culmination of the Russian-German ContestWorld War I
The March (February O.S.) Revolution
The Bolshevik Revolution
National Catastrophe
World Mystery
Sectarian Nihilism—An Ally of Bolshevism
Supraorganical Solution
Brest-Litovsk Debates187
The New Army.195
War Communism—Communism in One Country
The Long-awaited German Revolution
Red Patriotism
Self-Determination in PracticeThe Third International: World Revolutionary Center Moves from Russia to GermanyThe Communist International
The Polish War
The Asiatic Strategy
World Recognition and Coexistence
The Jewish Problem
Defeat as Victory
Canossa
Smenovekhism in Bulgaria
Smenovekhism in Soviet Russia
Lenin’s Intervention
Gorky’s Attack Against Jewish Bolsheviks
Cultural Continuity
“Russia”
Jewish National Bolsheviks
Counterattack Against Smenovekhism
The End of Revolutionary Hopes in Europe — The Triumph of FascismSocialism in One Country: Triumph of Russian Etatist NationalismSocialism in One Country as Consolidation of Power
Ustrialcv: A Litmus Paper of Soviet Political Debates
Turkestan Socialism Versus Basel Socialism
Stalin Resorts to Anti-Semitism
The Destruction of National Trends Among Minority Communists
The Destruction of Independent Foreign Communism
The Sinister Shadow of Ustrialov
The Fifteenth Party Congress—Stalin's TriumphEpilogueNotes

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