Brun K., Friedman P., Dennis R. (eds.) Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) Based Power Cycles

Handbook. — Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing. 2017 — 462 p.Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCO₂) Based Power Cycles aims to provide engineers and researchers with an authoritative overview of research and technology in this area. Part One introduces the technology and reviews the properties of SCO₂ relevant to power cycles.
Other sections of the book address components for SCO₂ power cycles, such as turbomachinery expanders, compressors, recuperators, and design challenges, such as the need for high-temperature materials. Chapters on key applications, including waste heat, nuclear power, fossil energy, geothermal and concentrated solar power are also included. The final section addresses major international research programs.
Readers will learn about the attractive features of SCO₂ power cycles, which include a lower capital cost potential than the traditional cycle, and the compounding performance benefits from a more efficient thermodynamic cycle on balance of plant requirements, fuel use, and emissions.Introduction and backgroundOverview of supercritical CO₂ power cycle fundamentals
Applications for sCO₂ power cycles
Summary and conclusionsPhysical propertiesQualities of supercritical CO₂
Equations of state for calculating supercritical CO₂ properties
Overview of thermodynamic property trends
Impurities of CO₂ mixturesThermodynamicsGoverning relationships
Analysis
Example applications
ConclusionsHigh-temperature materialsThermodynamics of oxidation
Investigations of high-temperature corrosion in ambient and subcritical CO₂
Laboratory investigations of supercritical CO₂ corrosion rates and reaction products
Effect of CO₂ on mechanical properties
Current status and ongoing supercritical CO₂ work
Future directions
ConclusionsModeling and cycle optimization
Introduction to cycle modeling
Basics of cycle modeling
Design point analysis
Considerations for off-design modeling
Advanced considerations for steady-state modeling
Cycle optimization
Transient code requirementsEconomics
Introduction (advantages and disadvantages in potential markets)
Potential markets
Introduction to the economics of supercritical CO₂ power plants
Project cost basis
Summary and conclusions of supercritical CO₂ power system economicsTurbomachineryMachinery configurations
Existing supercritical CO₂ turbomachinery designs
Common design attributes and components
Compressor and pump design considerations for supercritical CO₂
Turbine design considerations for supercritical CO₂Heat exchangersApplications in supercritical CO₂ power cycles
Candidate architectures
Operating conditions and requirements
Design considerations
Design validationAuxiliary equipment
CO₂ supply and inventory control systems
Filtration
Dry gas seal supply and vent system
InstrumentationWaste heat recoveryWaste heat recovery overview
Waste heat recovery applications
Waste heat exchanger design
Economics and competitive assessment
Technology development needsConcentrating solar power
Motivation for integrating supercritical CO₂ into CSP systems
Introduction to concentrating solar power technologies
Considerations for integrating supercritical CO₂ with concentrating solar power
Potential system designs and current research
Concluding commentsdrole of supercritical CO₂ in the future of concentrating solar powerFossil energyIndirect supercritical CO₂ cycles
Direct supercritical CO₂ cycles
ConclusionsNuclear power
Benefits of supercritical CO₂ cycles for nuclear power
Drawbacks of supercritical CO₂ cycles
History of supercritical CO₂ cycle development
Applications to specific reactor types
Example of a supercritical CO₂ power cycle converter for a sodium-cooled fast reactor
Transient analysis of supercritical CO₂ cycles
Control strategy development
Examples of specific nuclear power plant transients for a sodium-cooled fast reactor
Summary and closureTest facilitiesSandia National Laboratories recompression loop
Naval Nuclear Laboratory Integrated System Test
Echogen EPS100
SwRI SunShot test loop
Other test facilities
Future trends/conclusionsResearch and development: essentials, efforts, and future trends
Introduction: objectives of research and development
Overall power cycle design
Working fluid quality
Compressors
Turbines
Heat Exchangers
Balance of plant design
Materials