Bennett H.E. et al. (Eds). Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1983

Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985. — 581 p. — (National Bureau of Standards, Special Publication 688).The Proceedings contain the papers presented at the Fifteenth Symposium on Optical Materials for High Power Lasers held at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in Boulder, Colorado, on November 14—16, 1983. The Symposium was jointly sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards, the American Society for Testing and Materials, the Office of Naval Research, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Department of Energy, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. The Symposium was attended by approximately 200 scientists from the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel, France, and West Germany. It was divided into sessions devoted to the following topics: Materials and Measurements, Mirrors and Surfaces, Thin Films, and finally Fundamental Mechanisms. The Symposium Co-Chairmen were Dr. Harold E. Bennett of the Naval Weapons Center, Dr. Arthur H. Guenther of the Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Dr. David Milam of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Dr. Brian E. Newnam of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. They also served as editors of this report. Dr. Alexander J. Glass of KMS Fusion acts as Conference Treasurer with Aaron A. Sanders of the National Bureau of Standards as the Conference Coordinator.Foreword (H.E.Bennett, A.H.Guenther, D.Milam, B.E.Newnam).
Summary of Meeting (H.E.Bennett, A.H.Guenther, D.Milam, B.E.Newnam).
Materials and Measurements.
Studies of Optical and Mechanical Properties of Heavy-Metal Fluoride Glasses (B.Bendow, D.K.Burge, H.E.Bennett, L.H.Johnston, J.J.Mecholsky).
Optical Properties of Infrared Transmitting Glasses (S.S.Mitra).
Optical and Mechanical Properties of Water Clear ZnS (R.J.Harris, G.A.Graves, D.V.Dempsey, P.R.Greason, M.E.Gangl, D.B.O'Quinn, M.J.Lefebvre).
Laser Damage in Plastics at the Frank J. Seiler Research Laboratory FJSRL (R.M.O'Connell, T.T.Saito, T.F.Deaton, K.E.Siegenthaler, J.J.McNally, A.A.Shaffer).
Increase in the Optical Damage Threshold of Cellulose Acetate (M.A.Acharekar).
Strehl Ratio Measurements of Laser Damaged Plastics (B.W.Mullins, B.A.Richert).
Damage Thresholds of Fused Silica, Plastics and KDP Crystals Measured with 0.6-ns 355-nm Pulses (M.C.Staggs, F.Rainer),
Strengthening CsI Crystals for Optical Applications (W.W.Durand, B.G.Koepke, W.W.Gerberich).
Strengthening of Calcium Fluoride (C.B.Willingham, M.A.Spears, G.A.Graves, W.L.Knecht).
Investigation of Window Materials for Repetitively Pulsed CO₂ Lasers (J.S.Goela, R.L.Taylor, M.J.Lefebvre, P.E.Price, Jr., M.J.Smith).
Laser Induced Bulk Damage in SiO₂ at 1.064, 0.532 and 0.355 mkm (L.D.Merkle, N.Koumvakalis, M.Bass).
Bulk Absorption Measurements Using Prism-Shaped Samples for Laser Calorimetry (P.A.Temple, D.P.Arndt).
Surfaces and Mirrors.
Inherent Mechanical Damage in Diamond Machined Optical Surfaces (H.H.Hurt, D.L.Decker).
Optical Properties of Diamond-Machined Metal Surfaces and Their Relationship to Physical and Chemical Surface Perfection (D.L.Decker, H.H.Hurt, J.O.Porteus, D.J.Grandjean).
The Effect of Surface Finish on the Laser-Induced Damage Thresholds of Gold-Coated Copper Mirrors (R.M.Wood, P.Waite, S.K.Sharma).
Thermally Induced Effects on the Infrared Reflectance of Metal Mirrors (V.A.Hodgkin, D.L.Decker, H.H.Hurt).
Single-Shot, Cummulative and PRF Dependent Laser-Induced Damage Thresholds (R.M.Wood, P.Waite, S.K.Sharma).
Damage Threshold of Fused Silica at 3w₀ (J.F.Mengue, D.Friart).
Round-Robin Testing of Low-Scatter Optics (J.M.Bennett, W.K.Stowell).
Light Scattering Characteristics of Some Metal Surfaces—A Smoothing Effect? (J.R.McNeil, L.J.Wei, J.Casstevens, W.C.Herrmann, Jr., J.C.Stover).
Light Scattering from Surfaces with Microroughness and Static Density Variations in the Bulk Dielectric Permittivity (J.M.Elson).
Surface Finish Measurements on Low Scatter Laser Mirrors and Roughness Standards (J.M.Bennett, K.H.Guenther, P.G.Wierer).
The Effects of Slope Error on the Imaging Quality of a Mirror as the Ratio of Surface Perturbation Depth to Wavelength Approaches Zero (H.E.Bennett, D.K.Burge).
Thin Films.
1.06 Micron Laser Damage of Thin Film Optical Coatings — a Round Robin Experiment Involving Various Pulse Lengths and Beam Diameters (K.H.Guenther, T.W.Humpherys, J.Balmer, J.R.Bettis, E.Casparis, J.Ebert, M.Eichner, A.H.Guenther, E.Kiesel, R.Kuehnel, D.Milam, W.Ryseck, S.C.Seitel, A.Stewart, H.Weber, H.P.Weber, G.Wirtenson, R.M.Wood).
Measurements of the Dependence of Damage Thresholds on Laser Wavelength, Pulse Duration, and Film Thickness (F.Rainer, C.L.Vercimak, D.Milam, C.K.Carniglia, T.T.Hart).
A Fundamental Approach Towards Improved Optical Coatings (K.L.Lewis, J.A.Savage).
Development of RF-Sputtered Laser Coatings at Burleigh Northwest (D.Lunt).
Comparison of Optical Coatings Deposited by Novel Physical and Chemical Techniques (F.J.Wodarczyk, D.R.Strauss, A.B.Harker).
Optical Characterization of Low-Scatter, Plasma-Deposited Thin Films (W.D.Partlow, W.J.Choyke, J.M.Bennett, R.M.Silva).
Optical Properties of Ion-Beam Sputtered TiO₂ Films (H.Demiryont, D.B.Kerwin, J.R.Sites).
Improvement of the Damage Threshold of High Reflectivity Multidielectric Coatings at 1 .06 mkm (B.Geenen, A.Malherbes, J.Guerain, D.Boisgard, D.Friart, F. Garaude).
Phase Shift Variations on HEL Mirrors (T.A.Leonard, J.S.Loomis).
A Review of UV Coating Material Properties (M.L.Scott).
Recent Damage Results for Antireflection Coatings at 355 nm (T.T.Hart, C.K.Carniglia, F.Rainer, M.C.Staggs).
Recent Damage Results on High Reflector Coatings at 355 nm (C.K.Carniglia, T.T.Hart, F.Rainer, M.C.Staggs).
Alumina/Silica Multilayer Coatings for Excimer Lasers (S.R.Foltyn, L.J.Jolin).
Photothermal Deflection Microscopy of HR and AR Coatings (W.C.Mundy, J.E.L.Ermshar, P.D.Hanson, R.S.Hughes).
Laser Damage in Porous-Silica Antireflection Films (W.H.Lowdermilk, J.G.Widler, N.J.Brown, C.A.Gunderson, D.Milam, F.Rainer, M.C.Staggs).
Defect Damage Precursors in Visible-Wavelength Mirrors (C.D.Marrs, J.O.Porteus, J.R.Palmer).
Characterization of Micron-Sized, Optical Coating Defects by Photothermal Deflection Microscopy (J.A.Abate, A.W.Schmid, M.J.Guardalben, D.J.Smith, S.D.Jacobs).
Experimental Observation and Computer Simulation of the Microstructure of Vapor Deposited Thin Films (K.H.Guenther).
A Wide Spectrum Antireflective Coating for Silica Optics and its Damage Resistance at 350 nm (B.E.Yoldas, D.P.Partlow, H.D.Smith).
Plasma Deposited Inorganic Thin Films for Optical Applications (W.D.Partlow, J.V.R.Heberlein).
Fundamental Mechanisms.
Laser-Induced Emission and Laser Damage of Optical Components (D.B.Nichols, D.J.Morris, M.P.Bailey, R.B.Hall).
Charge Emission and Related Precursor Events Associated with Laser Damage (M.F.Becker, F.E.Domann, A.F.Stewart, A.H.Guenther).
Predamage Threshold Electron Emission From Insulator and Semiconductor Surfaces (W.J.Siekhaus, J.H.Kinney, D.Milam).
Laser Induced Damage of a Thin Film With an Absorbing Inclusion: Thermal Considerations of Substrates and Absorption Profiles (M.R.Lange, J.K.Mclver, A.H.Guenther).
Laser Damage Threshold Predictions Based on the Effects of Thermal and Optical Properties Employing a Spherical Impurity Model (M.R.Lange, J.K.Mclver, A.H.Guenther).
Analytical Model for Evaluating Transient, Steady-State, Coating Damage Threshold, Optical Distortion, and Axial Gradient for Externally Cooled Laser Mirrors (J.R.Palmer).
A Comprehensive Analytical Theory for Unifying Pulsed and Continuous Wave Laser Damage on Metal Mirrors, Encompassing the Relationship of Small Spot to Large Spot Size Damage on Metal Mirrors (J.R.Palmer).
Catastrophic versus Microscopic Damage: Applicability of Laboratory Measurements to Real Systems (S.R.Foltyn, L.J.Jolin).
Toward Improved Accuracy in Limited-Scale Pulsed Laser Damage Testing via the "Onset Method" (S.C.Seitel, J.O.Porteus).
The Effects of Self-Focusing on Laser Induced Breakdown (W.E.Williams, M.J.Soileau, E.W. Van Stryland).
Simple Direct Measurements of n₂ (W.E.Williams, M.J.Soileau, E.W. Van Stryland).
Refractive Index of Ternary and Quaternary Compound Semiconductors Below the Fundamental Absorption Edge: Linear and Nonlinear Effects (B.Jensen, A.Torabi).
Appendix.
List of Attendees.