Whitaker H., Halas J. Timing for Animation

2nd Edition. — Focal Press, 2009. — 174 p. — ISBN13: 978-0240521602.A classic of animation education since it first published in 1981. Copies of Timing for Animation have been sitting dog-eared and spine-split on desks and workstations around the world, wherever animation is produced for more than 25 years. All you need to breathe life into your animation is at your fingertips. All the vital techniques employed by animators worldwide are explained using dozens of clear illustrations and simple, straightforward directions. Learn how animations should be arranged in relation to each other, how much space should be used and how long each drawing should be shown for maximum dramatic effect. Fully revised and updated, the second edition includes timing for digital production, digital storyboarding in 2d, digital storyboarding in 3d, the use of After Effects and much, much more!Introduction: General Principles of Timing
The Storyboard
Responsibility of the Director
The Basic Unit of Time in Animation
Timing for Television vs. Timing for Feature Films
Slugging
Bar Sheets
Timing for Traditional Animation: Exposure Charts or Exposure Sheets
Timing for an Overseas Production
Timing for a 2D Digital Production
Timing for a 3D Digital Production
Timing for an Actor-Based Program (Performance or Motion Capture)
Animation and Properties of Matter
Movement and Caricature
Cause and Effect
Newton’s Laws of Motion
Objects Thrown Through the Air
Timing of Inanimate Objects
Rotating Objects
Force Transmitted Through a Flexible Joint
Force Transmitted Through Jointed Limbs
Spacing of Drawings — General Remarks
Spacing of Drawings
Timing a Slow Action
Timing a Fast Action
Getting Into and Out of Holds
Single Frames or Double Frames? Ones or Twos?
How Long to Hold?
Anticipation
Follow Through
Overlapping Action
Timing an Oscillating Movement
Timing to Suggest Weight and Force
Timing to Suggest Force: Repeat Action
Character Reactions and ‘ Takes ’
Timing to Give a Feeling of Size
The Effects of Friction, Air Resistance and Wind
Timing Cycles — How Long a Repeat?
Multiple Character Scenes
Digital Crowd Scenes
Effects Animation: Flames and Smoke
Water
Rain
Snow
Explosions
Digital Effects
Repeat Movements of Inanimate Objects
Timing a Walk
Types of Walk
Spacing of Drawings in Perspective Animation
Timing Animals ’ Movements
Other Quadrupeds
Timing an Animal’s Gallop
Bird Flight
Drybrush (Speed Lines) and Motion Blur
Accentuating a Movement
Strobing
Fast Run Cycles
Characterization (Acting)
The Use of Timing to Suggest Mood
Synchronizing Animation to Speech
Lip -Sync
Timing and Music
Traditional Camera Movements
3D Camera Moves
Peg Movements in Traditional Animation
Peg Movements in 3D Animation
Editing Animation
Editing for Feature Films
Editing for Television Episodes
Editing for Children’s Programming
Editing for Internet Downloads
Games