Miall D.S. (ed.). Metaphor, problems and perspectives

Sussex; New Jersey: The Harvester Press; Humanities Press, 1982. — 189 p. — ISBN: 0-7108-0033-9; 0-391-02374-8.Dedicated to I.A. Richards, whom Miall describes as possessing "the acumen of the philosopher, the feeling for mental phenomena of a psychologist, and the sensitivity to language of a fine poet and literary critic," this book is a collection of articles on metaphor, and in particular, of those which take into account the "constructive effect of context, of the creativity of metaphor and the power of metaphor as an instrument of thought" The shift of emphasis is from semantic properties to cognitive processes." Expressing the main tenets of contemporary theories about metaphor, F.C.T. Moore in "On Taking Metaphor Literally" explores the seeking of "connections between the words of the metaphor beyond those associations normally present in in the language." Such connections,he concludes "may require us to discover and create them, since they are not necessarily encoded at the semantic level."Roger Tourangeau in "Metaphor and Cognitive Structure" points out that metaphor should always be the "second step" in comprehension, following the literal, yet seems to be comprehending just as quickly. He concludes that "part of filling out a metaphor consists of viewing a subject from the vantage point of a particular domain." The dissimilarities upon which a metaphor depends "produces one sort of novelty -- new beliefs -- and incongruence another sort -- a new structure for our beliefs. In metaphor, a system of belief gets new life in a foreign land; it takes root among the alien corn." (The new particular experience to which we are metaphorically referred reforms our original global understanding of the concept comprehended via metaphor.)"In what way can the hearer of a metaphor use the contextual evidence to understand a metaphor?"Introduction. David S. MiallOn Taking Metaphor Literally. F. C. T. Moore
Metaphor and Cognitive Structure. Roger Tourangeau
Understanding Literary Metaphors. Stein Haugom Olsen
Metaphor as Synergy. Michael Apter
Friedrich Nietzsche: The Use and Abuse of Metaphor. Paul Cantor
Metaphor in Science J. Martin and R. Harre
Are Scientific Analogies Metaphors? Dedre Gentner
The Metaphorical Plot. Patricia Parker