Sachs J. Handbook of Ultra-Wideband Short-Range Sensing: Theory, Sensors, Applications

Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co. KGaA, 2012. — 922 p. — ISBN10: 3527408533. — ISBN13: 978-3527408535.The book covers the theoretical basis of UWB sensors, implementations issues, and applications. It bridges the knowledge and communication gap between UWB sensor designers and appliers working in radar communications systems, civil engineering, biotechnology, medical engineering, robotic, mechanical engineering, safety and homeland security.
The objective of this book is to introduce the reader into some aspects of ultra-wideband (UWB) sensing. Such sensors use very weak and harmless electromagnetic sounding waves to "explore" their surroundings. Sensor principles using electromagnetic waves are not new and are in use for many years. But they are typically based on narrowband signals. In contrast to that, the specific of UWB-sensors is to be seen in the fact that they apply sounding signals of a very large bandwidth whereat bandwidth and centre frequency are of the same order.
Ranging from the theoretical basis of UWB sensors via implementation issues to applications, this much-needed book bridges the gap between designers and appliers working in civil engineering, biotechnology, medical engineering, robotic, mechanical engineering, safety and homeland security.Ultra-Wideband Sensing – An OverviewUltra-Wideband – Definition and Consequences of a Large Bandwidth.
A Brief History of UWB Technique.
Information Gathering by UWB Sensors.Basic Concepts on Signal and System Theory
UWB Signals, Their Descriptions and Parameters.
Some Idealized UWB Signals.
Formal Description of Dynamic Systems.
Physical System.
Measurement Perturbations.Principle of Ultra-Wideband Sensor Electronics
Determination of the System Behaviour by Pulse Excitation.
Determination of the System Behaviour by Excitation with Pseudo-Noise Codes.
Determination of the System Behaviour by Excitation with Sine Waves.
The Multi-Sine Technique.
Determination of the System Behaviour with Random Noise Excitation.
Measuring Arrangements.Ultra-Wideband Radar
Distributed System – the Measurement Problem.
Plane Wave and Isotropic Waves/Normalized Wave.
Time Domain Characterization of Antennas and the Free Space Friis Transmission Formula.
Transmission Between Two Antennas – The Scalar Friis Transmission Formula.
Indirect Transmission Between Two Antennas – The Scalar Time Domain Radar Equation.
General Properties of Ultra-Wideband Antennas.
Basic Performance Figures of UWB Radar.
Target Detection.
Evaluation of Stratifi ed Media by Ultra Wideband Radar.
Ultra-Wideband Short-Range Imaging.Electromagnetic Fields and Waves in Time and Frequency
The Fundamental Relations of the Electromagnetic Field.
Interaction of Electromagnetic Fields with Matter.
Plane Wave Propagation.
The Hertzian Dipole.
Polarimetric Friis Formula and Radar Equation.
The Concept of Green’s Functions and the Near-Field Radar Equation.Examples and Applications
Ultra-Wideband Sensing – The Road to New Radar and Sensor Applications.
Monolithically Integration of M-Sequence-Based Sensor Head.
Dielectric UWB Microwave Spectroscopy.
Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering Using M-Sequence-Based UWB Sensors.
UWB Cardiovascular Monitoring for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
UWB for Medical Microwave Breast Imaging.
M-Sequence Radar Sensor for Search and Rescue of Survivors Beneath Collapsed Buildings.
Multiple Moving Target Tracking by UWB Radar Sensor Network.
UWB Localization.Appendix
Symbols and Abbreviations
Symbols
Notations
Structure of Multi-Dimensional Data
Abbreviations
IndexOnline Annex
Mathematical Basics
Some Useful Improper Integrals.
Dirac Delta Function and Doublets.
Some Definitions and Calculation Rules for Statistic Variables.
Coordinate Systems.
Some Vector Operations and Useful Identities.
Some Matrix Operations and Useful Identities.
Quadric Surfaces and Curves.
Signals and Systems
Fourier and Laplace Transform.
Properties of convolution.
Spectrum of Complex Exponential (FMCW-signal).
Product Detector.
Shape Factors.
Conversion between N-Port Parameters.
Mason Graph.
S-Parameters of Basic Circuits.
M-Sequence and Golay-Sequence.
Electromagnetic Field
Time Domain Reciprocity relation.
Scattering of Plane Waves at a Planar Interface.
Scattering of a Plane Wave at a Sphere.
Colored Figures and Movies