Walke Willoughby. Lectures on Explosives

Third Edtition, Revised and Enlarged New York: John Wiley & Sons; London: Chapman & Hall, Limited, 1902. - xvi, 435 pp.A course of lectures prepared especially as a manual and guide i the laboratory of the U.S. Artillery school.General considerations affecting explosions and explosives
Explosive Reactions
The Chemical Composition of Explosives
The Origin of Explosive Reactions
The Propagation of Explosive Reactions
Influence of Physical or Mechanical Condition of the Explosive
Influence of External Conditions
Influence of Method of Initial Inflammation
Combustion, Explosion, Detonation
Bodies susceptible of Detonation
Products of Explosive Reactions
The Volume of Gas evolved
Temperature of Explosion
Effect of Dissociation
Potential Energy of Explosives
Principles of thermochemistry as applied to explosives, and the classification and composition of explosives
Molecular Work
The Calorific Equivalence of Chemical Transformations
Maximum Work
Classification and Constitution of Explosives
General List of Explosives
Explosive Mixtures and Explosive Compounds
Explosive Mixtures
Explosive Compounds
Composition of Explosives
Ingredients entering into the composition of explosives, and substances used in their preparation
Potassium Nitrate
Sodium Nitrate
Ammonium Nitrate
Barium, Lead, and Strontium Nitrates
General Qualitative Tests applicable to All Nitrates
Quantitative Tests for Nitre
Potassium Chlorate
Qualitative Tests for Chlorates
Nitric Acid
Tests for Nitric Acid
Charcoal
Tests for Charcoal
Sulphur
Tests for Sulphur
Sulphuric Acid
Tests for Sulphuric Acid
Hydrocarbons
Benzene
Tests for Benzene
Toluene
Naphthalene
Carbohydrates
Cellulose
Alcohols
Glycerine
Tests for Glycerine
Ethers
Acetone
Camphor, Vaseline, Paraffin, Wax, etc.
Kieselguhr, Randanite, etc.
Classification of explosive mixtures. Explosive mixtures of the nitrate class
Explosive Mixtures of the Nitrate Class
Gunpowder
Refining Saltpetre
Sulphur
Charcoal
Charcoal-grinding Mill
Saltpetre- and Sulphur-grinding Apparatus
Manufacture of Gunpowder
Gunpowder - (Continued)
Special Powders
Hexagonal Powder
Manufacture of Hexagonal Powder
Perforated Prismatic Powder
Manufacture of Perforated Prismatic Powder
Pellet Powder
Manufacture of Pellet Powder
Cubical Powder
Manufacture of Cubical Powder
Modifications in the Manufacture of Gunpowder
Process followed at the Augusta, Ga., Mills
Wiener Process
Nordenfelt and Meurling Process
Modifications in the Composition of Gunpowder
Brown Prismatic or Cocoa Powder
Properties peculiar to Cocoa Powder
Du Pont Brown Powder
Amide Powder
Quick Powder
Noble's Powder
Saxifragine
Blasting-powders
Gunpowder - (Continued)
Properties of Gunpowder
Tests for Gunpowder
Analysis of Gunpowder
Determination of the Hygroscopic Quality of the Powder
Test for Proper Incorporation
Granulation and Hardness
Preservation, Storage, and Transportation of Gunpowder
Densimetry
Densimetry
The Mallet Densimeter
Precautions to be observed in using the Mallet Densimeter
The Process of determining the Density of a Sample of Powder
The Du Pont Densimeter
Precautions to be observed in using the Du Pont Densimeter
Gravimetric Density of Gunpowder
The Du Pont Gravimetric Balance
Precautions to be observed in the Care and Use of the Du Pont Gravimetric Balance
The Determination of the Gravimetric Density of Gunpowder with the Du Pont Gravimetric Balance
The Gravimeter
How to use the Gravimeter
The chemical theory of the combustion of gunpowder
Noble and Abel's Calculations
Berthelot's Theory
Debus' Theory
Recapitulation
Explosive mixtures of the chlorate class
Chlorate Mixtures
Asphaline
Melland's Paper Powder
Augendre's Powder
Dynamogen
Hahn's Powder
Horsley's Powder
Pertuiset's Powder
Parone's Explosive
Petrofracteur
Fuse Compositions
Davey's Fuse Composition
Hill's Fuse Compositions
Fuse Composition for the Contract System
Composition for Friction Fuses
The Sulphuric-acid Fuse
Composition used in the Harvey Fuse
Composition for Fuses to be exploded by Frictional Electricity
English Priming Material
Austrian Priming Material
Classification of explosive compounds. Explosive compounds of the nitro-substitution class
Nitro-substitution Compounds
Tri-nitro-phenol, or Picric Acid
Borlinetto's Powder
Potassium Picrate
Fontaine's Powder
Designolle's Powder
Ammonium Picrate
Brugere Powder
Abel's Powder
Tri-nitro-cresol
Melinite
Mono-nitrobenzene, or Nitrobenzene
Di-nitrobenzene
Tri-nitrobenzene
Bellite
Securite
Nitrotoluene
Mono-nitronaphthalene
Di-, Tri-, and Tetra-nitronaphthalene
Volney's Powders
Favier Explosives
Emmensite
Gelbite
Roburite
Classification of the nitric derivatives class of explosive compounds
Nitric Esters. Guncotton
Nitric Esters
Guncotton
Von Lenk's Investigations
Von Lenk's Process
Abel's Improvements and Patents
Adoption of Guncotton in this Country as a Service Explosive
Chemistry of Guncotton
Properties of Guncotton
Decomposition of Guncotton
Explosive Effect of Guncotton
Nitro-hydrocellulose
Nitrostarch
Manufacture of guncotton at the U.S. Naval Torpedo Station
First Boiling-tub
First Centrifugal Washer
First Drying-room
Picker
Final Drying-closet
Dipping-, or Converting-room
Dipping-troughs
Acids
Dipping the Cotton
The Lever-press
Digestion-pot
Cooling-troughs
Acid-wringer
Immersion-tub
Second or Guncotton Boiling-tub
Pulper
Poacher
Stuff-chest
Wagon
Moulding-press
Final Press
Storage of Guncotton
Service tests for guncotton
Preparation of Unfinished Guncotton for Testing
Preparation of Finished Guncotton for Testing
Determination of Moisture in Guncotton
Determination of Ash of Guncotton
Test for the Presence of Free Acid
Heat or Stability Test
Apparatus and Materials required for the Heat Test
How to make the Heat Test
Nitrogen Test
Solubility Test
Test for Unconverted Cotton
Determination of Alkaline Substances
Determination of the Temperature of Ignition
Nitric ethers - nitroglycerine
Nitroglycerine
Chemistry of Nitroglycerine
Proportions of the Acid Mixture
Process of Nitration
Manufacture of Nitroglycerine
Acid Tank
Glycerine Tank
The Converter
Injectors
First Separator
First Washing-vat
Second Washing-vat
Filtering Apparatus
Storage-tank
Discharge-tanks
Denitrification Apparatus
Process employed by the French Government at their Works at Vonges
The Yield of Nitroglycerine from the Various Processes
Properties of Nitroglycerine
How to thaw Nitroglycerine and its Compounds
How to fire Nitroglycerine
Decomposition of Nitroglycerine
The Use of Nitroglycerine in Blasting
Tests for Nitroglycerine
Tests for the Presence of Free Acid
Stability or Heat Test for Nitroglycerine
Nitrogen Test
Explosive Effect of Nitroglycerine
Guncotton blasting-powders and dynamites
Tonite, or Tonite Powder
Potentite
Abel's Guncotton Powder
Dynamite
Manyfacture of Dynamite No.1
Properties of Dynamite
Dynamite with an Active Base
Dynamite with a Combustible Base - Carbodynamite
Dynamite with an Explosive Base
Dynamite with a Nitrate Mixture Base
Dynamite No.2
Dynamite with a Chlorate Mixture Base
Vigorite
Dynamite with a Nitro-substitution Product Base
Castellanos Powder
Dynamite with a Nitric Derivative Base
Explosive Gelatine, or Blasting Gelatine
Properties of Explosive Gelatine
Military Explosive Gelatine
Gelatine Dynamite
Forcite
Tests for Dynamite
Separation of the Nitroglycerine from the Base
Tests for Free Acid in Dynamite
Stability and Nitrogen Tests for Dynamite
Stability Test for Explosive Gelatine and Gelatine Dynamite
Liquefaction Tests for Explosive Gelatine and Gelatine Dynamite
Outline Scheme for the Analysis of Nitroglycerine Preparations
Suggestions on the Analysis of Nitroglycerine Powders
Smokeless Powders
Manufacture of Smokeless Powder
Properties of Smokeless Powders
Tests for Smokeless Powders
U.S. Naval Smokeless Powder
Process of Manufacture
Poudre B
Poudre BN
Troisdorf Powder
Normal Powder
W.-A. Powder
Properties of W.-A. Powder
Cordite
The Manufacture of Cordite
Properties of Cordite
Ballistite
Maxim Powder
Wetteren Powder
Leonard Powder
Rifleite
Indurite
Explosives of the Sprengel class
Rack-a-Rock
Hellhoffite
Oxonite
Panclastite
Romite
Practical Value of Sprengel Explosives
Fulminates, amides, and similar compounds
Chemical Constitution of the Fulminates
Mercury Fulminate
Manufacture of Mercury Fulminate
Properties of Mercury Fulminate
Percussion-caps and Detonators
Silver Fulminate
Nitrogen Chloride or Chloramide
Nitrogen Iodide or lodoamide
Nitrogen Bromide or Bromamide
Nitrogen Fluoride or Fluoramide
Silver Amine
Copper Amine or Cupricamine
Nitrogen Sulphide
Manipulation, storage, and transportation of high explosives
Precautions to be observed in Handling High Explosives
Manipulation of High Explosives in preparing a Charge
How to make a Dynamite Cartridge
How to prepare a "Primer" to be fired by means of a "Time-fuse"
How to fire Dynamite Cartridges by Electricity
Connecting- or Leading-wires
Igniting Apparatus
Precautions to be observed in firing High Explosives by Electricity
Precautions to be observed in loading Shell and Torpedoes
Storage of High Explosives
Transportation of High Explosives
The application of high explosives for military purposes
Conditions to be fullfilled by a Military Explosive
Felling Trees
Destruction of Wooden Beams
Destruction of Iron and Steel Beams
Demolition of Bridges
Demolition of Doors
Destruction of Railway Tracks
Destruction of Artillery Material
Removal of Temporary Obstructions in Waterways
Relative Force of Explosives
Champion's Experiments with High Explosives during the Franco-Prussian War
The use of high explosives in shell
Experiments with Shell charged with Guncotton
Experiments with Shell charged with Nitroglycerine
Experiments with Shell charged with Dynamite
Experiments with Shell charged with Explosive Gelatine
Experiments with Shell charged with Hellhoffite
Experiments with Shell charged with Melinite
Explosion by influence, or sympathetic explosion
Explosion by Influence, or Sympathetic Explosion
Abel's Investigations
Abel's Theory of Synchronous Vibrations
Investigations of Champion and Pellet
Berthelot's Investigations
Berthelot's Theory
Threlfall's Investigations
Threlfall's Theory