Hudson J.E. Adaptive array principles

London, United Kingdom. — Published by The Institution of Engineering and Technology, Reprint with new cover, 2007. — 252 p.This book originated, somewhat indirectly, from the deliberations of the Propagation, Antennas, and Waveguides committee of the Electronics Research Council which, during an investigation of the state of adaptive array processing for Electromagnetic and Acoustic applications in the UK, observed that an impediment to development was the absence of an explanatory text which would help introduce the concepts and mathematics to engineers. The present text is intended to rectify this anomaly and, given the background, is intended to be simultaneously introductory, comprehensive, and mathematical in so far as
such a goal is attainable.Introductory ideas.
Antenna null rotation.
Electronic null steering.
Constrained power minimisation.
Weak signal adaptation.
The sidelobe canceller.
The Davies beamformer.
Multiple null formation with N complex coefficients.
Vector and matrix techniques.
Narrow-band signals.
Representations for narrow-band signals.
Vector inner products.
Angles between vectors.
Orthogonality achieved by projections.
Output powers, covanance matrices, and quadratic forms.
Covariance matrices for two discrete sources.
Incoherent noise fields.
Optimal antennas.
Meaning of optimality.
Eigenvalue solution for maximum SNIR.
Least mean square error criterion.
Steered systems.
Maximisation of probability of detection.
Direct maximisation of SNR.
Effect of matrix transformations of the data.
Optimisation of power pattern.
Adaptive solutions of optimal antennas.
Meaning of adaptivity.
Gradient methods.
A real-time least mean square error algorithm.
Steered gradient systems.
Constrained power minimisation.
Hardware implementations of a linearly constrained algorithm.
Perturbation methods for gradient determination.
Simplified convergence analysis.
Continuous time, real data LMS algorithm.
Eigenvalues of real covariance matrix.
Weight jitter phenomena.
Control of quantised coefficients.
Sample matrix inversion.
Diagonalisation methods.
Performance of optimal antennas.
LMS algorithm — single signal and interference.
Solutions for ill-conditioned covariance matrices.
Finite bandwidth effects.
Polarisation, near-field scattering, and EIH disparities.
Effects of coherent multipath.
Coefficient quantisation.
Signal quantisation.
Main-lobe constraints.
Introduction.
Formation of main-lobe notches.
Polynomial expansions of antenna responses in the main lobe.
Linear main-lobe constraints.
Norm-bounded optimal solutions.
Random channel gain errors.
Effect of norm bound on interference cancellation.
Hardware approximations to norm bounds.
Effect of data transformation on norm bound.
Suboptimal arrays and other modified systems.
Arrays with shinned adaptive elements.
Linearly constrained minimum output power suboptimal system.
Power inversion solution.
The sidelobe canceller.
Adaptively combined steered subarrays.
Conventionally combined adaptive subarrays.
Beam-space suboptimal systems.
Comparison of suboptimal systems.
Amplitude or phase-only weighting.
Broad-band arrays.
Nonadaptive preprocessing.
The adaptive preprocessor.
Convergence properties of suboptimal systems.Appendix.