Razavi B. Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits

New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. — 694 p. — ISBN: 978-0072380323.This textbook deals with the analysis and design of analog CMOS integrated circuits, emphasizing recent technological developments and design paradigms that students and practicing engineers need to master to succeed in today's industry. Based on the author's teaching and research experience in the past ten years, the text follows three general principles: (1) Motivate the reader by describing the significance and application of each idea with real-world problems; (2) Force the reader to look at concepts from an intuitive point of view, preparing him/her for more complex problems; (3) Complement the intuition by rigorous analysis, confirming the results obtained by the intuitive, yet rough approach.About the Author.

Introduction to Analog Design.
Why Analog?
Why Integrated?
Why CMOS?
Why This Book?
General Concepts.Basic MOS Device Physics.
General Considerations.
MOS I/V Characteristics.
Second-Order Effects.
MOS Device Models.Single-Stage Amplifiers.
Basic Concepts.
Common-Source Stage.
Source Follower.
Common-Gate Stage.
Cascode Stage.
Choice of Device Models.Differential Amplifiers.
Single-Ended and Differential Operation.
Basic Differential Pair.
Common-Mode Response.
Differential Pair with MOS Loads.
Gilbert Cell.Passive and Active Current Mirrors.
Basic Current Mirrors.
Cascode Current Mirrors.
Active Current Mirrors.Frequency Response of Amplifiers.
General Considerations.
Common-Source Stage.
Source Followers.
Common-Gate Stage.
Cascode Stage.
Differential Pair.
Appendix: Dual of Miller’s Theorem.Noise.
Statistical Characteristics of Noise.
Types of Noise.
Representation of Noise in Circuits.
Noise in Single-Stage Amplifiers.
Noise in Differential Pairs.
Noise Bandwidth.Feedback.
General Considerations.
Feedback Topologies.
Effect of Loading.
Effect of Feedback on Noise.Operational Amplifiers.
General Considerations.
One-Stage Op Amps.
Two-Stage Op Amps.
Gain Boosting.
Comparison.
Common-Mode Feedback.
Input Range Limitations.
Slew Rate.
Power Supply Rejection.
Noise in Op Amps.Stability and Frequency Compensation.
General Considerations.
Multipole Systems.
Phase Margin.
Frequency Compensation.
Compensation of Two-Stage Op Amps.
Other Compensation Techniques.Bandgap References.
General Considerations.
Supply-Independent Biasing.
Temperature-Independent References.
PTAT Current Generation.
Constant-Gm Biasing.
Speed and Noise Issues.
Case Study.Introduction to Switched-Capacitor Circuits.
General Considerations.
Sampling Switches.
Switched-Capacitor Amplifiers.
Switched-Capacitor Integrator.
Switched-Capacitor Common-Mode Feedback.Nonlinearity and Mismatch.
Nonlinearity.
Mismatch.
Oscillators.
General Considerations.
Ring Oscillators.
LC Oscillators.
Voltage-Controlled Oscillators.
Mathematical Model of VCOs.Phase-Locked Loops.
Simple PLL.
Charge-Pump PLLs.
Nonideal Effects in PLLs.
Delay-Locked Loops.
Applications.Short-Channel Effects and Device Models.
Scaling Theory.
Short-Channel Effects.
MOS Device Models.
Process Comers.
Analog Design in a Digital World.CMOS Processing Technology.
General Considerations.
Wafer Processing.
Photolithography.
Oxidation.
Ion Implantation.
Deposition and Etching.
Device Fabrication.
Latch-Up.Layout and Packaging.
General Layout Considerations.
Analog Layout Techniques.
Substrate Coupling.