Myers T., Laver J., Anderson J. (eds.) The Cognitive Representation of Speech

North-Holland, 1981, — 538 p.A basic proposition in all the behavioural sciences is that, underlying the apparently infinite variability of man’s behaviour, there is a systematic orderliness of cognitive structure. The study of this structure is now often called cognitive science. It is tempting to assume that this singular label reflects the unity of the subject: but in fact cognitive science is an outstanding example of multidisciplinary field unified more by the object of study than by its methodology. This is particularly evident in the case of one of the central topics in cognitive science, that of speech. The editors of this book are committed to the view that the comprehensive study of speech can only be properly achieved by the collaboration of Iinguists, phoneticians, psychologists, neurophysiologists and communications engineers, and many others. There are of course many aspects of speech which lie outside cognitive science, but our point is that an adequate study of the facets of speech relevant to cognitive science, that is to say the study of the systematic structures and processes whereby speech is produced and perceived, must be based on a multidisciplinary approach.
With this orientation in mind, an international symposium was organized in Edinburgh, in July 1979, of which this book is the product. The aims of the symposium were to gather the leading researchers in the rapidly developing area that we are calling the cognitive representation of speech, in order to promote a synthesis of ideas from the different disciplines involved and to encourage the perception of new research directions. Within the framework of these objectives, this book was intended to provide a coherent and comprehensive account of the state of the art in this area.
The organization of the book follows that of the symposium, and is intended to explore the range and the major dimensions of the subject. The first half examines phonetic and psycholinguistic studies of speech processing. It begins with a consideration of perhaps the most central topic in the subject - namely, the relation between production and perception. This is followed by a discussion of the constraints on the form of representation imposed by properties of the peripheral systems. The third session explores the relation between segmental and suprasegmental levels of representation and the fourth focusses on the influence of information processing Iimitations on representation.
The second half of the book explores biological, developmental, phonological and machine approaches to the subject. Session V presents a biological perspective, raising the questions: What are the neurolinguistic mechanisms underlying speech processing, and how did they evolve? Session VI considers the development of phonological representations in the child. Session VII discusses the psychological reality of phonological descriptions. Finally, Session VIII poses the question of the extent to which machine representations of speech, in speech synthesis and speech recognition, may plausibly be considered as models of equivalent human processes.
We hope that the book will serve as a basic source for both researchers and students, presenting as it does such a wide variety of conceptual and experimental methodologies, with a commitment to the relevance of an interdisciplinary approach. As a commentary on the state of the art, it reveals that the study of the cognitive representation of speech is perhaps still in a ground-clearing stage. But the scale of the subject, and many of its salient issues, are made thoroughly visible, and many avenues of future research are signposted.Relation Between Production and Perception
Mode of Representation in Production and Perception
Perceiving Phonetic Segments
Lexical Representations for Speech Production and Perception
Mode of Representation in the Feed-back Control of Speech Production
Feedback in Speech Production: An Ecological Perspective
On the Use of Feedback in Speech ProductionPeripheral Constraints on the Form of Representation
Auditory Constraints
Constraints Imposed by the Auditory System on the Properties Used to Classify Speech Sounds: Data from Phonology, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics
Processing of Speech in the Peripheral Auditory System
Articulatory Constraints
Elementary Gestures and Temporal Organization What Does an Articulatory Constraint Mean?
Articulatory Constraints on the Cognitive Representation of SpeechRelation between Segmental and Suprasegmental Representation
Representation and Context Sensitivity
Representation and Context Sensitivity
Temporal and Spatial Properties of Articulatory Movements: Evidence for Minimum Spreading Across and Maximum Effects within Syllable Boundaries
Suprasegmental Constraints on Segmental Representation
Speech Rate end Segmental Perception or the Role of Words in Phoneme Identification
Suprasegmental Constraints on Segmental Representation: Research Involving Speech ProductionRepresentation and Performance
Processing Operations Relating Signal and Representation
The Role of Auditory Memory in Speech Perception and Discrimination
Sound to Representation: An Information-Processing Analysis
'Higher-order' Constraints on Representation
Lexical Processing during Sentence Comprehension: Effects of Higher Order Constraints and Implications for Representation The Parser's Window
On Some Continuous Properties in LanguageBiological Bases of Representation
Representation and the Brain
Neural Encoding of Speech Signals at Peripheral and Central Levels of the Auditory System
Perception of Speech in Aphasia: Its Relation to Language Comprehension, Auditory Processing, and Speech Production
Representation and Evolution
Pointing and Language
On the Evolution of Human SpeechDevelopment of Representation
Representation of Speech in Infancy
Phonological Modifications in Adults' Speech to Infants: Some Implications for Theories of Language Acquisition
The Role of the Syllable in Language Acquisition and Perception
The Development of Representation
On the Cognitive Representation of Developing Phonology
A Tentative Developmental Model of Phonological RepresentationRepresentation and Phonology
Cognitive Reality of Segmental Phonology
The Empirical Determination of Phonological Representation
The Psychological Reality of Phonological Representations: Experimental Evidence
Cognitive reality of Suprasegmental Phonology
On the Nature of Phonological Representation
On Intonational UniversalsMachine Representation of Speech
Speech Synthesis Programs as Models of Speech Production
Vocal Tract Modelling and Speech Synthesis: its Use for Improving Knowledge on Speech Production
Phonetic Representation and Speech Synthesis by Rule
Speech Recognition Programs as Models of Speech Perception
Speech Recognition Systems and Theories of Speech Perception
Speech Recognition Programs as Models of Speech Perception