Fuller G.G. Optical Rheometry of Complex Fluids

New York: Oxford University Press. – 1995. – 274 p. The use of optical methods to study the dynamics and structure of complex polymeric and colloidal liquids subject to external fields has a long history. The choice of an optical technique is normally motivated by the microstructural information it provides, its sensitivity, and dynamic range. A successful application of an optical measurement, however, will depend on many factors. First, the type of interaction of light with matter must be correctly chosen so that the desired microstructural information of a sample can be extracted. The title of the book, "Optical Rheometry of Complex Fluids," refers to the strong connection of the experimental methods that are presented to the field of rheology. Rheology refers to the study of deformation and orientation as a result of fluid flow, and one principal aim of this discipline is the development of constitutive equations that relate the macroscopic stress and velocity gradient tensors. Although many of the examples used in the book involve the application of flow, the use of these techniques is appropriate whenever an external field is applied. For that reason, examples are also included for the case of electric and magnetic fields. This book has been written for the practitioner, as well as researchers seeking to either predict the optical response of complex liquids or to interpret optical data in terms of microstructural attributes. For these purposes, the book is meant to be self contained, beginning with sections on the fundamental Maxwell field equations describing the interaction of electromagnetic waves with anisotropic media. Spectroscopic interactions, such as absorption, Raman scattering, and fluorescence are discussed in Chapter
5. These are discussed in Chapter 6 and include dynamic lightscattering and laser Doppler velocimetry. The design of an optical instrument must include an analysis of the detected signal. The particular optical arrangement that is chosen must meet many requirements, and these are presented in Chapter
8. The success of an optical measurement will be controlled by the quality of the optical components that make up the instrument, and the accuracy of their alignment. For this reason, Chapter 9 is devoted to the selection of specific components to accomplish a required task.Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
Transmission by Anisotropic Media: The Jones and Mueller Calculus
Reflection and Refraction of Light: Ellipsometry
Total Intensity Light Scattering
Spectroscopic Methods
Laser Doppler Velocimetry and Dynamic Light Scattering
Microstructural Theories of Optical Properties
Design of Optical Instruments
Selection and Alignment of Optical Components
Applications and Case Studies
List of Jones and Mueller Matrices
NomenclatureAuthors Cited