Kelland Malcolm A. Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry

CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2009. — XVII, 404 p. — ISBN: 978-1-4200-9290-5.Features
Presents a comprehensive description of all classes of production chemicals for the oil and gas industry
Reviews past and present classes of production chemicals
Includes many non-journal references, especially SPE papers and patents
Focuses on the structure of chemicals known to produce a required or desired performance
Provides the chemical foundation to assist in the design of improved chemicals
Discusses environmental issues pertaining to the use of production chemicalsModern production methods and environmental constraints demand chemical solutions. And as oilfields age, the need for chemicals to ensure steady production increases. Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry describes classes of production chemicals for use topside and downhole in the upstream oil and gas industry. It includes coverage of their mechanisms, deployment methods, and, where available, environmental properties.
The first chapter gives a general overview of production chemistry issues, the factors that affect the choice of production chemicals, environmental regulations, suggestions for designing greener chemicals, and a brief overview of how to remove mercury and arsenic compounds from production fluids. Each of the remaining chapters begins with an introduction to a problem for which there is a production chemical. The author discusses chemical and non-chemical methods, and then thoroughly details the structural classes of production chemicals and how they can be tested. He includes information on the use of the chemical or technique in the field. References at the end of each chapter provide details on the synthesis, testing, theory, and application of each type of chemical.
Unfortunately, crude oil production is characterized by variable production rates and unpredictable changes to the nature of the produced fluids. Unlike other texts that focus on how products perform in the field and how they are tested, this book focuses on the specific structures of a range of chemicals that are known to deliver the required or desired performance. It also provides an understanding of the issues involved in the use of chemicals and a range of production chemical additives that may be used to rectify issues that would not otherwise be fully resolved.Introduction and Environmental IssuesProduction Chemistry Overview
Factors that Affect the Choice of Production Chemical
Environmental and Ecotoxicological Regulations
Designing Greener Chemicals
Mercury and Arsenic ProductionWater and Gas ControlResins and Elastomers
Inorganic Gels
Cross-linked Organic Polymer Gels for Permanent Shut-ofF
Viscoelastic Surfactant Gels
Disproportionate Permeability Reducers (DPR) or Relative Permeability Modifiers (RPM)
Water Control Using Microparticles
Gas Shut-offScale ControlTypes of Scale
Non-Chemical Scale Control
Scale Inhibition of Group II Carbonates and Sulfates
Sulfide Scale Inhibition
Halite Scale Inhibition
Methods of Deploying Scale InhibitorS
Performance Testing of Scale Inhibitors
Chemical Scale RemovalAsphaltene ControlAsphaltene Dispersants and Inhibitors
Low Molecular Weight, Non-polymeric Asphaltene Dispersants (ADs)
Oligomeric (Resinous) and Polymeric AIs
Summary of ADs and AIs
Asphaltene DissolversAcid StimulationFracture Acidizing of Carbonate Formations
Matrix Acidizing
Potential Formation Damage from Acidizing
Acidizing Additives
Axial Placement of Acid Treatments
Radial Placement of Acidizing TreatmentsSand ControlChemical Sand ControlControl of Naphthenate and Other Carboxylate FoulingNaphthenate Deposition Control Using Acids
Low Dosage Naphthenate Inhibitors (LDNIs)Corrosion Control During ProductionMethods of Corrosion Control
Corrosion Inhibitors
Film-forming Corrosion InhibitorsGas Hydrate ControlChemical Prevention of Hydrate Plugging
Gas Hydrate Plug RemovalWax (Paraffin) ControlWax Control Strategies
Chemical Wax Removal
Chemical Wax PreventionDemulsifiersMethods of Demulsification
Water-in-Oil DemulsifiersFoam ControlDefoamers and Anti-foamsFlocculantsTheory of Flocculation
FlocculantsBiocidesChemicals for Control of Bacteria
Biocides
Biostats (Control "Biocides" or Metabolic Inhibitors)Hydrogen Sulfide ScavengersNon-regenerative H2S ScavengersOxygen ScavengersClasses of Oxygen ScavengersDrag Reducing Agents (DRAs)DRA Mechanisms
Oil-soluble DRAsAppendix 1
Author Biography