Nield Donald A., Bejan A. Convection in Porous Media

4th edition. — Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013. 800 p. — ISBN: 978-1-4614-5540-0, ISBN: 978-1-4614-5541-7 (eBook).Convection in Porous Media, 4th Edition, provides a user-friendly introduction to the subject, covering a wide range of topics, such as fibrous insulation, geological strata, and catalytic reactors. The presentation is self-contained, requiring only routine mathematics and the basic elements of fluid mechanics and heat transfer. The book will be of use not only to researchers and practicing engineers as a review and reference, but also to graduate students and others entering the field. The new edition features approximately 1,750 new references and covers current research in nanofluids, cellular porous materials, strong heterogeneity, pulsating flow, and more.Mechanics of Fluid Flow Through a Porous MediumPorosity
Seepage Velocity and the Equation of Continuity
Momentum Equation: Darcy’s Law
Darcy’s Law: Permeability
Deterministic Models Leading to Darcy’s Law
Statistical Models Leading to Darcy’s Law
Extensions of Darcy’s Law
Acceleration and Other Inertial Effects
Quadratic Drag: Forchheimer’s Equation
Brinkman’s Equation
Non-Newtonian Fluid
Hydrodynamic Boundary Conditions
Effects of Porosity Variation
Turbulence in Porous Media
Fractured Media, Deformable Media, and Complex Porous StructuresHeat Transfer Through a Porous Medium
Energy Equation: Simple Case
Energy Equation: Extensions to More Complex Situations
Overall Thermal Conductivity of a Porous Medium
Effects of Pressure Changes and Viscous Dissipation
Absence of Local Thermal Equilibrium
Thermal Dispersion
Cellular Porous Media
Oberbeck-Boussinesq Approximation
Thermal Boundary Conditions
Hele-Shaw Analogy
Bioheat Transfer and Other ApproachesMass Transfer in a Porous Medium: Multicomponent and Multiphase Flows
Multicomponent Flow: Basic Concepts
Mass Conservation in a Mixture
Combined Heat and Mass Transfer
Effects of a Chemical Reaction
Multiphase Flow
Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of Energy
Summary: Relative Permeabilities
Unsaturated Porous Media
Electrodiffusion Through Porous Media
NanofluidsForced Convection
Plane Wall with Prescribed Temperature
Plane Wall with Constant Heat Flux
Sphere and Cylinder: Boundary Layers
Point Source and Line Source: Thermal Wakes
Confined Flow
Transient Effects
Scale Analysis
Wall with Constant Temperature
Wall with Constant Heat Flux
Other Configurations
Effects of Inertia and Thermal Dispersion: External Flow
Effects of Boundary Friction and Porosity Variation: Exterior Flow
Effects of Boundary Friction, Inertia, Porosity Variation, Thermal Dispersion, and Axial Conduction: Confined Flow
Local Thermal Nonequilibrium
ly Porous Configurations
Transversely Heterogeneous Channels and Pipes
Thermal Development
Surfaces Covered with Porous Layers
Designed Porous Media
Other Configurations or Effects
Effect of Temperature-Dependent Viscosity
Oscillatory Flows, Counterflows
Non-Newtonian Fluids
Bidisperse Porous Media
Other Flows, Other Effects
Heatlines for Visualizing Convection
Constructal Tree Networks: Flow Access in Volume-to-Point Flow
The Fundamental Volume-to-Point Flow Problem
The Elemental Volume
The First Construct
Higher-Order Constructs
The Constructal Law of Design and Evolution in Nature
Constructal Multiscale Flow Structures: Vascular Design
Optimal Spacings for Plates Separated by Porous StructuresExternal Natural Convection
Vertical Plate
Power-Law Wall Temperature: Similarity Solution
Vertical Plate with Lateral Mass Flux
Transient Case: Integral Method
Effects of Ambient Thermal Stratification
Conjugate Boundary Layers
Higher-Order Boundary-Layer Theory
Effects of Boundary Friction, Inertia, and Thermal Dispersion
Experimental Investigations
Further Extensions of the Theory
Horizontal Plate
Inclined Plate, Wedge
Vortex Instability
Horizontal Cylinder
Flow at High Rayleigh Number
Flow at Low and Intermediate Rayleigh Number
Sphere
Flow at High Rayleigh Number
Flow at Low Rayleigh Number
Flow at Intermediate Rayleigh Number
Vertical Cylinder
Cone
General Two-Dimensional or Axisymmetric Surface
Horizontal Line Heat Source
Flow at High Rayleigh Number
Flow at Low Rayleigh Number
Point Heat Source
Flow at High Rayleigh Number
Flow at Low Rayleigh Number
Flow at Intermediate Rayleigh Number
Other Configurations
Fins Projecting from a Heated Base
Flows in Regions Bounded by Two Planes
Other Situations
Surfaces Covered with HairInternal Natural Convection: Heating from Below
Horton-Rogers-Lapwood Problem
Linear Stability Analysis
Weak Nonlinear Theory: Energy and Heat Transfer Results
Weak Nonlinear Theory: Further Results
Effects of Solid–Fluid Heat Transfer
Non-Darcy, Dispersion, and Viscous Dissipation Effects
Non-Boussinesq Effects
Finite-Amplitude Convection: Numerical Computation and Higher-Order Transitions
Experimental Observations
Observations of Flow Patterns and Heat Transfer
Correlations of the Heat Transfer Data
Further Experimental Observations
Effect of Net Mass Flow
Horizontal Throughflow
Vertical Throughflow
Effect of Nonlinear Basic Temperature Profiles
General Theory
Internal Heating
Time-Dependent Heating
Penetrative Convection, Icy Water
Effects of Anisotropy
Effects of Heterogeneity
General Considerations
Layered Porous Media
Analogy Between Layering and Anisotropy
Heterogeneity in the Horizontal Direction
Heterogeneity in Both Horizontal and Vertical Directions
Strong Heterogeneity
Effects of Nonuniform Heating
Rectangular Box or Channel
Linear Stability Analysis, Bifurcation Theory, and Numerical Studies
Thin Box or Slot
Additional Effects
Cylinder or Annulus
Vertical Cylinder or Annulus
Horizontal Cylinder or Annulus
Internal Heating in Other Geometries
Localized Heating
Superposed Fluid and Porous Layers, Partly Porous Configurations
Onset of Convection
Flow Patterns and Heat Transfer
Other Configurations and Effects
Layer Saturated with Water Near 4 C
Effects of a Magnetic Field or Electric Field, Ferromagnetic Fluid
Effects of Rotation
Non-Newtonian and Other Types of Fluids
Effects of Vertical Vibration and Variable Gravity
Bioconvection
Constructal Theory of Be ´nard Convection
The Many Counterflows Regime
The Few Plumes Regime
The Intersection of Asymptotes
Bidisperse Porous Media and Cellular Porous MediaInternal Natural Convection: Heating from the Side
Darcy Flow Between Isothermal Sidewalls
Heat Transfer Regimes
Boundary Layer Regime
Shallow Layer
Stability of Flow
Conjugate Convection
Non-Newtonian Fluid
Other Situations
Sidewalls with Uniform Flux and Other Thermal Conditions
Other Configurations and Effects of Property Variation
Internal Partitions
Effects of Heterogeneity and Anisotropy
Cylindrical or Annular Enclosure
Spherical Enclosure
Porous Medium Saturated with Water Near 4 C
Triangular Enclosure
Other Enclosures
Internal Heating
Bidisperse Porous Media
Penetrative Convection
Lateral Penetration
Vertical Penetration
Other Penetrative Flows
Transient Effects
Departure from Darcy Flow
Inertial Effects
Boundary Friction, Variable Porosity, Local Thermal Nonequilibrium, Viscous Dissipation, and Thermal Dispersion Effects
Fluid and Porous Regions
Sloping Porous Layer or Enclosure
Inclined Temperature Gradient
Periodic Heating
Sources in Confined or Partly Confined Regions
Effects of RotationMixed Convection
External Flow
Inclined or Vertical Plane Wall
Horizontal Wall
Cylinder or Sphere
Other Geometries
Unified Theory
Other Aspects of External Flow
Internal Flow: Horizontal Channel
Horizontal Layer: Uniform Heating
Horizontal Layer: Localized Heating
Horizontal Annulus
Horizontal Layer: Lateral Heating
Internal Flow: Vertical Channel
Vertical Layer: Uniform Heating
Vertical Layer: Localized Heating
Vertical Annulus: Uniform Heating
Vertical Annulus: Localized Heating
Other Geometries and Other Effects
ly Porous Configurations
Jet Impingement
Other AspectsDouble-Diffusive Convection
Vertical Heat and Mass Transfer
Horton–Rogers–Lapwood Problem
Nonlinear Initial Profiles
Finite-Amplitude Effects
Soret and Dufour Cross-Diffusion Effects
Flow at High Rayleigh Number
Other Effects
Horizontal Heat and Mass Transfer
Boundary Layer Flow and External Natural Convection
Enclosed Porous Medium
Transient Effects
Stability of Flow
Concentrated Heat and Mass Sources
Point Source
Horizontal Line Source
Other Configurations
Inclined and Crossed Gradients
Mixed Double-Diffusive Convection
Mixed External Convection
Mixed Internal Convection
NanofluidsConvection with Change of Phase
Melting
Enclosure Heated from the Side
Scale Analysis
Effect of Liquid Superheating
Horizontal Liquid Layer
Vertical Melting Front in an Infinite Porous Medium
A More General Model
Further Studies
Freezing and Solidification
Cooling from the Side
Cooling from Above
Solidification of Binary Alloys
Boiling and Evaporation
Boiling and Evaporation Produced by Heating from Below
Film Boiling and Evaporation
Condensation
Spaces Filled with Fluid and Fibers Coated with a Phase-Change MaterialGeophysical Aspects
Snow
Patterned Ground
Thawing Subsea Permafrost
Magma Production and Magma Chambers
Diagenetic Processes
Oceanic Crust
Heat Flux Distribution
Topographical Forcing
Geothermal Reservoirs: Injection and Withdrawal
Other Aspects of Single-Phase Flow
Two-Phase Flow
Vapor–Liquid Counterflow
Heat Pipes
Other Aspects
Cracks in Shrinking Solids
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
Reaction Scenarios
Reaction Fronts
Gradient Reactions
Mixing Zones