Park Robert E., Burgess Ernest W. Introduction to The Science of Sociology

The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 1921. — 1059 p.Первый учебник по эмпирической социологии, принадлежащий перу основателей Чикагской школы Р. Парку и Э. Берджессу. Первая крупная совместная работа этих ученых стала наиболее значительным теоретическим обобщением эмпирической социологии 1920-х гг. Учебник большой по объему (порядка 1000 страниц), представляет собой собрание или, как мы говорим сейчас, антологию 200 текстов различных авторов, сгруппированных в 14 разделов. Но это не просто коллекция текстов, в нем дается систематическое изложение основ социологической науки. Тексты самые разные - от теоретических до биографических и полухудожественных, и принадлежат они Э. Дюркгейму, Г. Зиммелю, Ч. Кули, Г. Лебону, Г. Спенсеру, Г. Тарду, У. Томасу и др. Книга настолько фундаментальна, что студенты в свое время прозвали ее "Зеленая Библия" (обложка книги была зеленой). Социология в учебнике определяется как наука о коллективном (социальном) поведении. Это была принципиальная позиция Парка, а затем и всей Чикагской школы. Таким образом, эмпирическая социология в рамках первого периода своего существования связывалась именно с этим предметным полем.Sociology in the social sciences
sociology and "Scientific" History
Historical and Sociological Facts
Human Nature and Law
History, Natural History. and Sociology
The Social Organism: Humanity or Leviathan?
Social Control and Schools of Thought
Social Control and the Collective Mind
Sociology and Social Research
Human natureHuman Interest in Human Nature
Definition of Human Nature
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. The Original nature of Man
Original Nature Defined . Edward L . Thorndike
nventory of Original Tendencies . Edward L . Thorndike
Man Not Born Human . Robert E . Park
The Natural Man . Milicent W . Shinn
Sex Differences . Albert Moll
Racial Differences . C . S . Myers
ndividual Differences. Edward L . Thorndike
B . Human nature and Social Life
Human Nature and Its Remaking. W . E . Hocking
Human Nature, Folkways, and the Mores . William G . Summer
Habit and Custom, the Individual and the General Will. Ferdinand Tennies
The Law, Conscience, and the General Will. Viscount Haldane
C. Personality and the Social Self
The Organism as Personality. Th. Ribot
Personality as a Complex. Morton Prince
The Self as the Individual's Conception of His Role. Alfred Binet
The natural person versus the social and conventional Self. L. G. Winston
The Divided Self and Moral Consciousness. William James
Personality of Individuals and of Peoples. W. v. Bechterew
D. Biological and Social Heredity
Nature and Nurture J. Arthur Thomson
nheritance of Original Nature. C. B. Davenport
nheritance of Acquired Nature: Tradition. Albert G. Keller
Temperament, Tradition, and Nationality. Robert E . Park
Investigations and Problems
Conceptions of Human Nature Implicit in Religious and Political Doctrines
Literature and the Science of Human Nature
Research in the Field of Original Nature
The Investigation of Human Personality
The Measurement of Individual Differences
SOCIETY AND THE GROUPSociety, the Community, and the Group
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Society and Symbiosis
Definition of Society. Alfred Espinas
Symbiosis (literally "living together"). William M. Wheeler
The Taming and the Domestication of Animals. P. Chalmers Mitchell
B. Plant Communities and Animal Societies
Plant Communities. Eugenius Warming
Ant Society. William E. Wheeler
C. Human Society
Social Life. John Dewey
Behavior and Conduct. Robert E. Park
nstinct and Character. L. T. Hobhouse
Collective Representation and Intellectual Life. Emile Durkheim
D. The Social Group
Definition of the Group. Albion W. Small
The Unity of the Social Group. Robert E Park
Types of Social Groups. S. Sighele
Espirit de Corps, Morale, and Collective Representations of Social Groups. William E. Hocking
nvestigations and Problems
The Scientific Study of Societies
Surveys of Communities
The Group as a Unit of Investigation
The Study of the Family
ISOLATIONGeological and Biological Conceptions of Isolation
solation and Segregation
C1assification of the Materials
Materials
A. Isolation and Personal Individuality
Society and Solitude. Francis Bacon
Society in Solitude. Jean Jacques Rousseau
Prayer as a Form of Isolation. George Albert Coe
solation, Originality, and Erudition. T. Sharper Knowlson
B. Isolation and Retardation
Feral Men. Maurice H. Small
From Solitude to Society. Helen Keller...
Mental Effects of Solitude. W. H. Hudson
solation and the Rural Mind. C. J. Galpin
The Subtler Effects of Isolation. W. I. Thomas
C. Isolation and Segregation
Segregation as a Process. Robert E. Park
solation as a Result of Segregation. L. W. Crafts and E. A. Doll
D. Isolation and National Individuality
Historical Races as Products of Isolation. N. S. Shaler
Geographical Isolation and Maritime Contact. George Grote
solation as an Explanation of National Differences. William Z. Ripley
Natural versus Vicinal Location in National Development. Ellen C. Semple
nvestigations and Problems
solation in Anthropogeography and Biology
solation and Social Groups
solation and Personality
SOCIAL CONTACTS
ntroduction
Preliminary Notions of Social Contact
The Sociological Concept of Contact
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Physical Contact and Social Contact
The Frontiers of Social Contact. Albion W. Small
The Land and the People. Ellen C. Semple
Touch and Social Contact. Ernest Crawley
B. Social Contact in Relation to Solidarity and to Mobility
The In-Group and the Out-Group. W. G. Sumner
Sympathetic Contacts versus Categoric Contacts. N. S . Shaler
Historical Continuity and Civilization. Friedrich Ratzel
Mobility and the Movement of Peoples. Ellen C. Semple
C. Primary and Secondary Contacts
llage Life in America (from the Diary of a Young Girl). Curoline C. Richurds
Secondary Contacts and City Life. Robert E. Park
Publicity as a Form of Secondary Contact. Robert E. Park
From Sentimental to Rational Attitudes. Werner Sombart
The Sociological Significance of the "Stranger." Georg Simmel
nvestigations and Problems
Physical Contacts
Touch and the Primary Contacts of Intimacy
Primary Contacts of Acquaintanceship
Secondary Contacts
SOCIAL INTERACTION
ntroduction
The Concept of Interaction
z. Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Society as Interaction
The Mechanistic Interpretation of Society. Ludwig Gumplowicz
z. Social Interaction as the Definition of the Group in Time and Space. Georg Simmel
B. The Natural Forms of Communication
Sociology of the Senses: Visual Interaction. Georg Simmel
The Expression of the Emotions. Charles Darwin
Blushing. Charles Darwin
Laughing. L. Dugas
C. Language and the Communication of Ideas
ntercommunication in the Lower Animals. C. Lloyd Morgan
The Concept as the Medium of Human Commnnication. F. Ma Miller
R. Writing as a Form of Communication. Charles H. Judd
The Extension of Communication by Human Invention. Carl Bucher
D. Imitation
Definition of Imitation. Charles H. Judd
Attention, Interest, and Imitation. G. F. Stout
The Three Levels of Sympathy. Th. Ribot
Rational Sympathy. Adam Smith
Art, Imitation, and Appreciation. Yrjo Hirn
E. Suggestion
A Sociological Definition of Suggestion. W. v. Bechterew
The Subtler Forms of Suggestion. Albert Moll
Social Suggestion and Mass or "Corporate" Action. W. v. Bechterew
nvestigations and Problems
The Process of Interaction
Communication
mitation
Suggestion
SOCIAL FORCES
ntroduction
Sources of the Notion of Social Forces
History of the Concept of Social Forces
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Trends, Tendencies, and Public Opinion
Social Forces in American History. A. M. Simons
Social Tendencies as Social Forces. Richard T. Ely
Public Opinion and Legislation in England. A. V. Dicey
B. Interests, Sentiments, and Attitudes
Social Forces and Interaction. Albion W. Small
z. Interests. Albion W. Small ,
Social Pressures. Arthur F. Bentley
dea-Forces. Alfred Fouillee...
Sentiments. William McDougall
Social Attitudes, Robert E. Park...
C. The Four Wishes: A Classification of Social Forces
The Wish, the Social Atom. Edwin B. Holt
The Freudian Wish. John B. Watson...
The Person and His Wishes. W. I. Thomas
nvestigations and Problems
Popular Notions of Social Forces
Social Forces and History
nterests, Sentiments, and Attitudes as Social Forces
Wishes and Social Forces
COMPETITION
ntroduction
Popular Conceptions of Competition
Competition a Process of Interaction
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. The Struggle for Existence
Different Forms of the Struggle for Existence. J. Arthur Thomson
Competition and Natural Selection. Charles Darwin
Competition, Specialization, and Organization. Charles Darwin
Man: An Adaptive Mechanism. George W. Crile
B. Competition and Segregation
Plant Migration, Competition, and Segregation. F. E. Clements
Migration and Segregation. Carl Bucher
Demographic Segregation and Social Selection. William Z. Ripley...
nter-racial Competition and Race Suicide. Francis A. Walker
C. Economic competition
Changing Forms of Economic Competition. John B. Clark . ,
Competition and the Natural Harmony of Individual Interests. Adam Smith
Competition and Freedom. Frederic Basliat
Money and Freedom. Georg Simmel
nvestigations and Problems
Biological Conlpetition
Economic Competition
Competition and Human Ecology
Competition and the "Inner Enemies": the Defectives, the Dependents, and the Delinquents
CONFLICT
ntroduction
The Concept of Conflict
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Conflict as Conscious Competition
The Natural History of Conflict. W. I. Thomas
Conflict as a Type of Social Interaction. Georg Simmel . ,
Types of Conflict Situations. Georg Simmel
B. War, Instincts, and Ideals
War and Human Nature. William A. White
War as a Form of Relaxation. G. T. W. Patrick
The Fighting Animal and the Great Society. Henry Rutgers Marshall
C. Rivalry, Cultural Conflicts, and Social Organization
Animal Rivalry. William H. Hudson
The Rivalry of Social Groups. George E. Vincent
Cultural Conflicts and the Organization of Sects. Franklin H. Giddings
D. Racial Conflicts
Social Contacts and Race Codict. Robert E. Park
Conflict and Race Consciousness. Robert E. Park
Conflict and Accommodation. Alfred E. Stone
nvestigations and Problems
The Psychology and Sociology of Conflict, Conscious Competition, and Rivalry
Types of Conflict
The Literature of War
Race Conflict
Conflict Groups
ACCOMODATION
ntroduction
Adaptation and Accommodation
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Forms of Accommodation
Acclimatization. Daniel G. Brinlon
Slavery Defined. H. J. Nieboer . ,
Excerpts from the Journal of a West India Slave Owner. Matthew G. Lewis
The Origin of Caste in India. John C. Nesfield
Caste and the Sentiments of Caste Reflected in Popular Speech. Herbert Risley
B. Subordination and Superordination
The Psychology of Subordination and Superordination Hugo Miinsterberg
Social Attitudes in Subordination: Memories of an Old Servant. An Old Servant
The Reciprocal Character of Subordination and Superordination. Georg Simmel
Three Types of Subordination and Superordination. Georg Simmel
C. Conflict and Accommodation
War and Peace as Types of Conflict and Accommodation. Georg Simmel
Compromise and Accommodation. Georg Simmel
D. Competition, Status, and Social Solidarity
Personal Competition, Social Selection, and Status. Charles H. Cooley
Personal Competition and the Evolution of Individual Types. Robert E. Park
Division of Labor and Social Solidarity. Emile Durkheim
nvestigations and Problems
Forms of Accommodation
Subordination and Superordination
Accommodation Groups
Social Organization
ASSIMILATION
ntroduction
Popular Conceptions of Assimilation
The Sociology of Assimilation
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Biological Aspects of Assimilation
Assimilation and Amalgamation. Sarah E. Simons
The Instinctive Basis of Assimilation. W. Trotter
B. The Conflict and Fusion of Cultures
The Analysis of Blended Cultures. W. H. R. Rivers
The Extension of Roman Culture.in Gad. John H. Cornyn
The Competition of the Cultural Languages. E. H. Babbitt
The Assimilation of Races. Robert E. Park
C. Americanization as a Problem in Assimilation
Americanization as Assimilation
Language as a Means and a Product of Participation
Assimilation and the Mediation of Individual Differences
nvestigations and Problems
Assimilation and Amalgamation
The Conflict and Fusion of Cultures
mmigration and Americanization
SOCIAL CONTROL
ntroduction
Social Control Defined
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Elementary Forms of Social Control
Control in the Crowd and the Public. Lieut. I. S. Smith
Ceremonial Control. Herbert Spencer
Prestige. Lewis Leopold ,
Prestige and Status in South East Africa. Maurice S. Evans
Taboo. W. Robertson Smith
B. Public Opinion
The Myth. Georges Sorel
The Growth of a Legend. Fernand van Langenhove
Ritual, Myth, and Dogma. W. Robertson Smith
The Nature of Public Opinion. A. Lawrence Lowell
Public Opinion and the Mores. Robert E. Park
News and Social Control. Welter Lippmann
The Psychology of Propaganda. Raymond Dodge
C. Institutions
nstitutions and the Mores. W. G. Sumner
Common Law and Statute Law. Frederic J. Stimson
Religion and Social Control. Charles A. Ellwood
nvestigations and Problems
Social Control and Human Nature
Elementary Forms of Social Control
Public Opinion and Social Control
Legal Institutions and Law
COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
ntroduction
Collective Behavior Defined
Social Unrest and Collective Behavior
The Crowd and the Public
Crowds and Sects
Sects and Institutions
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. Social Contagion
An Incident in a Lancashire Cotton Mill
The Dancing Mania of the Middle Ages. I. F. C. Hecker
B. The Crowd
The "animal" Crowd
a) The Flock. Mary Austin
b) The Herd. W. H. Hudson
c) The Pack. Ernest Thompson Selon
The Psychological Crowd. Gustave Le Bon...
The Crowd Defined. Robert E. Park
C. Types of Mass Movements
Crowd Excitements and Mass Movements: The Klondike Rush. T. C. Down
Mass Movements and the Mores: The Woman's Crusade. Annie Wittenmyer...
Mass Movements and Revolution
a) The French Revolution. Gustave Le Bon
b) Bolshevism. John Spargo...
Mass Movements and Institutions: Methodism. William E. H. Lecky
nvestigations and Problems
Social Unrest
Psychic Epidemics...
Mass Movements
Revivals, Religious and Linguistic
Fashion, Reform, and Revolution
PROGRESS
ntroduction
Popular Conceptions of Progress
The Problem of Progress...
History of the Concept of Progress
Classification of the Materials
Materials
A. The Concept of Progress
The Earliest Conception of Progress. F. S. Marvin
Progress and Organization. Herbert Spencer
The Stages of Progress. Auguste Comte...
Progress and the Historical Process. Leonard T. Hobhouse...
B. Progress and Science
Progress and Happiness. Lester F. Ward
Progress and Prevision. John Dewey...
Progress and the Limits of Scientific Prevision. Arthur J. Balfour
Eugenics as a Science of Progress. Francis Galton
C. Progress and Human Nature
The Nature of Man. George Santayana
Progress and the Mores. W . G. Sumner
War and Progress. lames Bryce...
Progress and the Cosmic Urge
a) The Elan Vitale. Henri Bergson...
b) The Dunkler Drang* Arthur Schopenhauer
nvestigations and Problems
Progress and social Research
ndices of Progress